高齢者の歩行スピードと寿命の関係

2010年発行のJAMA = The Journal of the American Medical Association = によると、ピッツバーク大学医学部の研究チームが、65歳以上（平均73.5歳）の男女34,485人を対象に歩行スピードを測定し、その後、平均して12.2年間、追跡して調査を行った9つの分析を発表している。

• 調査期間中、調査対象者の17,528人が死亡した。全体の生存率は59.7％だった。

• 時速1.4km未満の速度のグループの生存率は男性15％、女性35％だったのに対し、時速5km以上の速度のグループでは、男性50％、女性では92％であり、歩行スピードが速い人のほうが長生きする傾向にあることが読み取れる。

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Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults

JAMA. 2011;305(1):50-58. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1923. (Published 2010)

Abstract

Context Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival. Physical performance measures, such as gait speed, might help account for variability, allowing clinicians to make more individualized estimates. Objective To evaluate the relationship between gait speed and survival. Design, Setting, and Participants Pooled analysis of 9 cohort studies (collected between 1986 and 2000), using individual data from 34 485 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older with baseline gait speed data, followed up for 6 to 21 years. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 73.5 (5.9) years; 59.6%, women; and 79.8%, white; and had a mean (SD) gait speed of 0.92 (0.27) m/s. Main outcome measures Survival rates and life expectancy. Results There were 17 528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%-88.8%) and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95% CI, 46.5%-70.6%). Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.90; P < .001). Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s. At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women. Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization. Conclusion In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.